Searle's apparatus is used to determine the Young's modulus (Y) of the material of a wire. Two wires of the same material, length and area of cross section are suspended from a rigid support. It is then attached to two rectangular metal frames at their lower ends. One of the wires is called experimental wore and the other wire is called reference wire / compensating wire. The frame attached to the reference wire carries a constant weight to keep the wire stretched without any kinks. The frame attached to the experimental wire carries a hanger, over which slotted weights can be slipped as required. A spirit level is hinged with one end to the frame attached to the reference wire and rests horizontally on the tip of a micrometer screw which can be worked in the frame attached to the experimental wire along a vertical scale marked in millimetre.
A microscope is one of the most common apparatus used in biology laboratories. It is mainly used to magnify small objects. To observe a specimen at the cellular level, a sample is taken and studied at the micro-level with the help of a microscope. It also helps to observe the shape and structure of a cell, distinguish various parts of a cell from each other, identify their particular functions, and determine the prime characteristics of microorganisms. A microscope is helpful to study almost all types of pathogens, bacteria, and viruses. This enables scientists and microbiologists to learn about nature and find a cure for a particular disease.
Physics Lab Apparatus And Their Uses Pdf Download
An evaporating dish is one of the prime apparatuses used at a laboratory. It is a small and shallow utensil that has a pinched lip to pour the liquids properly. The materials used to manufacture an evaporating dish generally include porcelain, ceramic, glass, or silicon. It is mainly used for small scale separation of solute from solution through the physical process of crystallization. For this purpose, the solution is poured into the evaporating dish, the solvent gets evaporated, thereby concentrating the solution.
The organisation and contents of laboratories are determined by the differing requirements of the specialists working within. A physics laboratory might contain a particle accelerator or vacuum chamber, while a metallurgy laboratory could have apparatus for casting or refining metals or for testing their strength. A chemist or biologist might use a wet laboratory, while a psychologist's laboratory might be a room with one-way mirrors and hidden cameras in which to observe behavior. In some laboratories, such as those commonly used by computer scientists, computers (sometimes supercomputers) are used for either simulations or the analysis of data. Scientists in other fields will still use other types of laboratories. Engineers use laboratories as well to design, build, and test technological devices.
Laboratory experiences are an important part of most science courses. Scientists and engineers are trained to keep records of their laboratory work in bound notebooks, so anyone considering a career in one of these fields should learn how to correctly keep such a notebook. Also, the College Board states that "Most college placement policies assume that students have had laboratory experience, and students should be prepared to show evidence of their laboratory work in case the college asks for it." For further information on the importance of labs in the AP Physics course, please read the appropriate section in the College Board's AP Physics Course Description (PDF download).
A force board (or force table) is a common physics lab apparatus that has three (or more) chains or cables attached to a center ring. The chains or cables exert forces upon the center ring in three different directions. Typically the experimenter adjusts the direction of the three forces, makes measurements of the amount of force in each direction, and determines the vector sum of three forces. Forces perpendicular to the plane of the force board are typically ignored in the analysis.
Elementary particles and their interactions, fundamental forces, the Standard Model of particle physics. Symmetries and conservation laws including parity, charge conjugation, and time reversal invariance, as well as charge-parity violation. Dirac equation, quantum electrodynamics, and Feynman diagrams. Advanced nuclear physics. Topics may include decays, symmetries of the quark model, neutrinos, nucleosynthesis, and the quark-gluon plasma. 3 lectures.
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